What is a Zoonotic Disease??—Part 2
In this second article discussing zoonotic disease, I will focus on other infections, besides parasites, that pets can share with people. A zoonotic disease can be transmitted from animals to people.
Ringworm—Ringworm is actually a fungus. It can create a round spot where it infects the skin. It is itchy and annoying. It is seen in many species of animals, both wild and domestic, but is more often seen in puppies, kittens, or pets from shelter environments. It will linger on surfaces and on bedding used by an animal. Not all animals will have apparent ringworm, but can carry it and give it to others. After diagnosis, it is treated with topical or oral medications. Home disinfection is also important to prevent reinfection.
Leptospirosis—Leptospirosis (lepto) is caused by a bacteria. Initially, a lepto infection will be much like the flu, but it can progress to cause liver disease, kidney disease, or meningitis. It is shed in the urine of infected animals, where it can stay in the soil for weeks. Animals that we have in our yards, such as mice, raccoons, and squirrels can carry lepto. It is also associated with water sources such as lakes and rivers due to animal contamination. People can become infected by contact with broken skin, mucous membranes (mouth, eyes) or by drinking contaminated water. It can be treated with antibiotics and supportive care.
Rabies—Rabies is a fatal viral infection. It is carried by mammals, with skunks, raccoons, bats, and fox being the most popular in the United States. In our area, bats are the source of most exposures. Rabies is fatal. In humans, a vaccination series can be given after exposure to prevent infection. In pets, however, this is not the case. If an unvaccinated pet is believed to be exposed to rabies (bitten by a suspect animal, found playing with a bat, etc.), euthanasia may be recommended. A prolonged, strict quarantine is another option. A vaccinated pet that is believed exposed has a shorter quarantine period. Keeping your pets’ (including indoor cats) rabies vaccination current is strongly recommended; it just saves tremendous worry and difficult decisions if an exposure were to occur. If you are bitten by an animal, washing the wound with soap and water for 15 minutes, then seeking medical care is important.
There are many more zoonotic diseases. This is only the top of a long list. While it can be unnerving to know that there are illnesses our pets could potentially give to us, good pet hygiene, cleanliness, and preventative care will keep us safe and healthy!
Sources and References:
article written by:
Laura Rau-Holl, DVM
Wolf Merrick Animal Hospital, Kenosha, WI
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